Paving tile



Apyil 2, 1929, P. NATTKAMPER PAVING TILE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 April 2, 1929- P. NATT AMFER 1,707,409

PAVING TILE Filed June 19, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Apr. 2, l 1929.

UNITED STATES;

- time PAUL NATTKAMPER, or 'PILLKALLEN, GERMANY.

' ravine- TILE.

Application filed .Tune' 19, 1926, Serial No. 117,101, and in Germany June 29, 1925.

' surface of streets, water courses, gullies and the like. It is particularly suitable for forming cylindrically curved surfaces, such as those of streets or footpaths atthe part where they curve upwards or those ofwater courses where they curve downwards to form an open channel'- The object of the invention is 'to providea jointbetween adjacent plates that can be 1 kept closed. To achieve this, the plates are given such a shape that in plan view they appear to have a trapezoidal outline. This enables joints between adjacent plates to be tightened by pushing the plates from opposite sides of the pavement until a tight joint is obtained. Flat trapezoidal plates fonlateral displacement are known,but the'known arrangement does not suflice for cylindrically shaped plates, because the concentrical po sition of theplates has to beretained when the plates are subsequently moved laterally,

otherwise the curved surfaces of the-pave ment 1 will not remain continuous. To

achieve this, the converging sides of the plates are provided with guiding means, which enable the plates to retain their concentric position when transversely displaced.

Furthermore the novel pavement or covering enables its direction to be changed-." as desired without having to'use plates of special shape for that purpose. Toeffect this, the trapezoidal plates are alternately displaced by 180 in their plane'along' a straight pavement, so that, of the two-par allel'sides of the plates, the'shortside of one plateis contiguous to a long side of the next plate To form acurve or bend in the longitudinal direction of the pavement or covering, two or more plates are so placed .in juxtaposition without the said relative displacement of180 that their longer parallel sides lie along the outer edge of the bender curve. In order. to give the latter the desired radius, narrow plates-can be used, for exampletheir parallel sides can i is-in juxtaposition with. the shorter'edge m of, the other tilei 2; .Inthisrc'aseoneof the j two-plates lyingside byside is turned by 5 an angle of. 180. "-Thefllongitudinal edges p the pavement. Although such means are specially suitable for curved plates, they are of course also applicable to flat plates. 5

In the figures of the annexed drawings several embodiments and details of the invention'are shown. v

Figure 1 is a plan view of a paving tile or plate of normal size andcylindrical shape.

Figures 2 and 3 are "side'views of this Plate. r i

Figure 4 showsa plate adapted to join two rows of pavement'of different sizes.

Figures 5 and 6 are a plan and a side view ofa drain for waste-waters.

Figures 7 and 8 show in a smaller scale a plan and a side viewof a simple completely flat plate. r

Figure 9 shows an example of the pavement of a street in a still smaller scale.

Figure 10 is in the same scale an example of the lining of the bottom-of a small water course. i

'Figure 11 shows on. an enlarged scalean .75

in Fig. 11. u v g Fig. 13 is a front view of another junction,

' Fig. 14- the same view of a-somewhat modified fornr. t

Figure 15 shows a detail.

In the Figures 1 and 7" plates of normal, size and form "are shown. They are trapes5. zoidal shaped in theiplan-view and are .borderedby two parallelsides a, b a-ndxtwo converging sides 0, (5 which involve the wedge effect of the plate.

The arrows in the Figures 1, 4, 5, 9 and 10-1-1 serve to indicate the longitudinal direction of the water course, the street-or drain and soon and at the same time the longitudinal. direction of a single paving tile corresponding to the sides a and b.

As shownin Figures 9 and 10' the longi- .tu dinal edges. (4, b of two following-tiles. 1, 2 are running in astraight line in case, where the longer edge ofthefirstftile 1' of :two neighboring tiles 1 and 2 will follow a circle or a curve, in the case where the longer edge I) is laid in line with the longer edge '2) of the other tile, the curve may be directed in such case either in the one or in the other direction.

The arch-wise composition of tiles or plates 1 and 2 of full sizes in combination with plate-s3 of size, plates l of size and plates 5 of size (see Fig. 10) results in arcs of different radius, which can easily be chosen in accordance with the courses of sheets, ditches or the like. In curves of higher degrees combinations of several subdivisions of the whole length are employed, the outline of flat curves is obtained by combining three tiles in a straight line or by five tiles in the same manner and by connecting together single and multiple lengths arcwise.

Figure 4 shows an intermediate plate used if a water course is to be rendered broader or narrower for example before or behind bridges. In stones or piles of this kind the sides 0,, b lying in the longitudinal direction are inclined against each other. The other sides 0, (Z are of the same inclination as in other plates.

The enlargement of the joints after the construction of the pavement is due to the soliditying of the concrete and to the heating by the rays of the sun or by movements of the ground. When the usual square tiles or polygonal tiles are employed the latter enlargements of the joints cannot be mended or compensated because'such compensation would necessitate a considerable displacement of a great number of tiles even at very short distances.

The joints generated in constructing a pavement by means of the present trapezoidal tiles are subjected to a wedge-like action and may therefore easily be tightened by afterwards moving the plates in transverse direction and so driving together the wedge shaped edges, for this purpose only a slight displacement of each tile being necessary.

As shown in Figures 2, 8 and 10 the tiles or plates for water courses or drains are cylindrically shaped. Thus a channel or gully may be formed with them; These plates are in the first line for ditches of little inclination used for the purpose of draining fields and meadows.

The angular shape of the plate shown in Figures 5 and 6 will be used preferably for leading off waste waters in towns.

The flat plates corresponding to Figures 7 and 8 are laid in streets or in water courses with a broader even bottom.

The plates can be composed of two parts 6 and 7 .as shown in Figures 1-3 which touch in a straight joint e. This joint lies parallel tothe sides a, 7). Both parts 6 and 7 are connected bya channel groove f and a corresponding projection g.

The characteristicfeature of the trapezoidal tile which muchbe used in two positions reversed by 180 against each other causes in building curved or irregular streets the employment of special grooves or recesses and projections at the edges of each individual tile. Otherwise a great deal of types of plates must be on hand.

In the latter case two sets of plates can be constructed the one of which has on both inclined sides a and (Z only recesses the other only projections.

Better special plates are used as shown in Figures 13. On their wedge shapedsides c and d are arranged both a groove h and a projection c' in such a manner that each half of the plate shows on the one side the groove on the other the projection: Two plates of this construction can be placed side by side putting the sides a, a and 5, Z) of equal lengths in line or in reversed position, the sides a and b of different lengths. The projections z areshorter than the grooves '71 for the purpose that the plates can be shifted transversely. 7 Besides the recesses and projections or i the place of them the connections shown in Figures 1-3 near the cornersv and in Figures 114A in enlarged scale are suitable for locking trapezoidal tiles together.

These connections will not only serve for consolidating the surface of the pavement in first constructing the same but also facilitate afterwards the mending or displaced tiles.-

' The balls 76 represented in Figures 1, Zand 11, 12 are inserted into a channel or formed in the front sides 0, (Z of two adjacent tiles. The channel sides are preferably covered with metal layers a as shown.

The dimensions of the channels permit a movement to the ball 70 in the direction of the wedge edges 0 and (Z for the 'purpose of being shifted against each other. In longitudinal direction of the plates the ball is lying tight against metal layers a. The diameter of the ball therefore deter mines. the narrowest seam or joint between two adjacent tiles. i Instead of a ball bearing a roller bearing may likewise be employed. The hollow bolts 0 shown in the Figures 1, 3-and '13, 14- are made of elastic material, preferably metal sheet, in the form ofa cylinder and are provided for the same purpose as the ball,

with the slight difference that the ball is rigid, whereas the bolt is yielding. In Fig ure 1 bolt joints are shown on the right hand side and they can be used togetherwith the groove and projection connection. ,Also the. bolts 0 are insertedinto channels my The greater circumference of the bolt also makes itmore fit'in hearing which are not covered or coated on their inside with a metal layer. a

cross-sections will stand in opposition to each other as shown in Fig. 14. The yielding action results .in this latter case fromthe arrangement of extensions on in the channel m, into which the bolt enters, when the bolts are inserted.

The outer diameter of the bolt may practically be chosen somewhat greater than the free cross-section of the journal, and it there fore will fill out the bearing very snugly and offer to the tiles a good yielding and resist-- ing connection. r a

In case where the b'olt-zis -to ,be introduced into its journal from theoutside/thediame'- ter of the bolt must be :reduced insome d'e gree, which may easilybe done by means of j a tongue.

' cases where the pavement is swelled or forms The proper weight of each tile efli'ectivel-y assists the mutual connection of the tiles in an arch or vault whichjis directed clownwardly, in this manner all jointsof the pavej ment are equally closed. In the former practice where square tiles only were employed,

its weight only closes the joints situated at the longitudinal edges.

Figure 15 shows an embodiment of the present inventionin which the shifting operation is facilitated. In this caseiron fittings are used provided-with'a hole and connected with thetiles, the holes will coincide whenthe tiles are in the same mutual situation to each other. The holes or re cesses p are wide enough and arranged in such a mannerthat the edges of the tiles are not'altered, the bolt q may then easilybe Y j V a Cylindrically .curved pavement for introduced into the recesses.

' ranged crosswise above and belowthe cen When the tiles are composed to build a pavement'each' tileis laid. in such a man-- ner thatboth the holes p will only permit the introduction of the sharp point of the bolt g. By afterwards, driving in the bolt with power the tiles are rigidly connected together and the joint is rendered perfect.

By shaping the bolt 9 as a spring bolt its yielding action tends to lock the joints automaticallytogether in the event that ball bearings are provided; Percussions caused trapezoidal shape, having grooves and projections at theinclined edgesthereof are ter. line of the plate to engage correspondgeneration" automatically said invention, I declare that'what I claiming grooves'and projections of an adjacent angle. a

2. Paving plate, comprising a-body of trapezoidal shape,-having grooves at the inclined edges thereof and bodies arranged movable in and displacable from said grooves and projecting'from the edge of said plate to engage corresponding grooves so that the plates may be shifted transversely'to the track of the pavement.

.3. Paving plate, comprising abody of trapezoidal shape, grooves as the inclined plate either uniformly or displaced by 'anedges of the plate, projecting balls arranged in said grooves for the connection of adja.-

cent plates in such a manner that they may beshifted transversely to the track of the pavement. p 1

Paving plate, comprising "a body of trapezoidal shape, having grooves and pro jections at the inclined edges thereof ar ranged crosswise above and below the cen ter line of the plate, and other; grooves opening atthe frontedges of said body, bodies" arranged displaceably in said other grooves, and ,to'project from the edges of the plate and engage corresponding grooves of adjacent plates.

5. Paving plate comprisinga body of trapezoidal shape, a groove along approximately. one half of each ofthe inclined edges of said body so as to extend somewhat beyond the center. line of the plate, one of the two grooves being located above, the other below said center'line, projections of smaller length than said grooves provided for-at the ungrooved parts of the converging edges and arranged in such a manner that adja cent plates may be displaced transversely to each other. Y

streets, water .courses,"drains or the-like, consisting ofa plurality of curved plates of have-grooves and projections their-conof adjacent plates engaging each other and of trapezoidal form arranged alternately 1n rieverse'relatlon so that the converging ied g'esof each plate are adjacent thereversely converging edges OfitdWBGIltPlfltGS,

said edges of said-plates having. lnteren- 7 f gaging, means connecting 'sa-id plates to gether and permitting the singleplates to 'be displaced transversely to the track of the pavement. '8.

permitting the single plates to be displaced" transversely to the'track of the pavement.

a 7 .ACylindrically curved pavement for, streets, water-courses, drains or the like, consisting of a plurality of curved plates Cylindrically ,"curved 'ilpav'ement' for i streets, water courses, drains or the like, consisting of a plurality of curved plates of trapezoidal form arranged alternately in reverse relation so that the converging edges of each plate are contiguous to the reversely 5 converging edges of the next adjacent plates, said plates having grooves and projections at their converging edges the grooves and projections of adjacent plates engaging each other and permitting the single plates to be displaced transversely to the track of the pavement. v I .7

In testimony whereof I ai'fiX my signa ture.

PAUL NATTKAMPER. 

